Here is the transcription and translation of the lecture chunk:
This podcast is about Chemical Coordination and Integration, also known as the endocrine system. This is an NCERT session where we are reading the NCERT.
You have already learned that the nervous system provides a point-to-point and rapid coordination among organs. The nervous system's coordination is fast but short-lived, which is unfortunate because its lifespan is short. As nerve fibers do not innervate all cells of the body, and cellular functions need to be continuously regulated, a special kind of coordination and integration has to be provided.
The endocrine system is essential for our body. A reason for this will be that cellular functions need to be regulated continuously, and another reason is that nerve cells do not innervate all cells.
With the neural system, both the nervous and endocrine systems provide coordination.
Here is the transcription and translation of the provided audio:
The question asked was about whether the nervous system and endocrine system are essential for proper coordination. The answer was yes, they are essential for proper and sustainable coordination. The nervous system is short-lived and highly targeted, while for continuous regulation, the endocrine system is required.
The function is carried out by hormones. The nervous system and the endocrine system jointly coordinate and regulate the physiological functions of the body. Both are regulated jointly, and this leads to a good question: what regulates the body's physiological functions? Both regulate them jointly.
So, an MCQ was discussed. This is the end of the MCQ.
Now, regarding physiological functions regulated by A, Neural, B, Endocrine, and C, both. The answer is both. Let's consider an example of fast regulation by Neural and sustainable by Endocrine.
The options were:
A. Fast by Neural and Sustainable by Endocrine
B. Long-lasting by Neural and Slow by Endocrine
C. Both
The correct option would be that the nervous system is fast and short-lived, while the endocrine system is slow and long-lasting. The option mentioning "long-lasting by Neural" is incorrect because the nervous system is short-lived.
This question covers the entire topic. It also covers the reverse, which would be an incorrect option.
Let's look at the properties of hormones. The definition of a hormone is a chemical produced by endocrine glands. The classic definition of a hormone is a chemical produced by endocrine glands, released into the blood, and transported to distant target organs. The current scientific definition is as follows: hormones are non-nutrient chemicals that act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts. This is a super-duper hit line.
What points have emerged here?
Hormones are:
1. Non-nutritive
2. Intercellular messengers
3. Produced in trace amounts
This allows for the creation of incorrect options, such as replacing "non-nutritive" with "nutritive," or "intercellular" with "intracellular," or "trace amounts" with "large amounts." We chose the simpler option.
The new definition covers a number of new molecules in addition to hormones secreted by organized endocrine glands. Invertebrates possess very simple endocrine systems with few hormones, whereas a large number of chemicals act as...