01. The Ambitious Voyage
1990: The Launch
A 13-year voyage to sequence 3 billion base pairs. Led by the US DOE and NIH, this was a $9 Billion quest to decode the Book of Life.
Tools of the Trade
Scientists used "Biological Vehicles" like BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes) and YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes).
02. We Are Not Alone
Comparative Genomics
To understand ourselves, we must study others. Simple organisms serve as a "Rosetta Stone" for gene function.
The Model Squad
- Bacteria & Yeast: Basics of replication.
- Fruit Fly: Development & Disease.
- Lab Mouse: Mammalian biology.
03. The Surprising Results
Less is More?
Less than 2% of our genome codes for proteins! The rest is regulatory "Dark Matter."
Key Stats
Total Bases: 3164.7 Million.
Largest Gene: Dystrophin (2.4M bases).
SNPs: 1.4 million locations.
04. Our Genetic Signature
The 0.1% Difference
Uniqueness lies in Polymorphism found in repetitive DNA (Satellite DNA).
The Technique
Using VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) as a probe.
05. The Double-Edged Sword
ELSI Program
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications. Addressing privacy and genetic discrimination.
Precision Medicine
Treatments tailored to an individual's unique genetic makeup.
06. The Future is Now
Beyond Reading
We are now editing. Gene Therapy cures diseases at the root.
A New Beginning
The HGP was the foundation for a healthier, more enlightened future.
Quiz 1: History
Test your knowledge on the HGP basics. Select the correct options on the left.
Quiz 2: Data
Remember: Dystrophin is the giant, and most DNA is non-coding.
Quiz 3: Future
Excellent work, Professor!
Mission Accomplished
Human Genome Decoded
PROF. SIDDHARTH SANGHVI SIR
Summary
From the 1990 launch to the 2003 draft and the 2022 T2T completion, the Human Genome Project has revolutionized biology. We learned that "junk" DNA is vital, and that our genetic differences (SNPs/VNTRs) are key.